Thus, we can understand the process of coagulation and flocculation with the help of examples derived from water treatment techniques. There follows, during the flocculation step,an increase in the size of the particlespresent in the water phase resulting in the formation of flocs. Wet processing operations including preparation, dyeing, and finishing generate the majority of textile wastewater having very high cod, bod, tds and very deep colour as shown in the table 1. Pdf coagulationflocculation processes in waterwastewater. Ebook coagulation and flocculation in water and wastewater. In flocculation, slow mixing is provided to produce visible suspended particles. The rapid mixing tank will have a mechanical mixer and the average alum dosage will be 30 mgl. In flocculation one can make a distinction between perikinetic and orthokinetic flocculation. Suezs coagulants and flocculants for water treatment help increase settling rates and. Groundwater and surface water contain both dissolved and suspended particles. Waste water treatment by coagulation and flocculation. Coagulation and flocculation process fundamentals 1 coagulation and flocculation.
Then, these big flocs were allowed to settle down for a couple of hours by the force of gravitation. We can work with you to optimise the performance of your treatment programme, including chemicals and equipment, which can dramatically minimise your overall costs and maximise return on investment. Material for this article was largely taken from reference 1. Coagulation and flocculation in water and wastewater treatment provides a comprehensive account of coagulation and flocculation techniques and technologies in a single volume covering theoretical principles to practical applications thoroughly revised and. Pdf waste water treatment by coagulation and flocculation. Safe drinking water is essential coagulationflocculation. This enables their removal by sedimentation, dissolved air flotation or filtration. Download fulltext pdf removal of lead, zinc and iron by coagulationflocculation article pdf available in journal of the taiwan institute of chemical engineers 425. Water treatment plant waste sludge disposal is dealt with in considerable detail, in an appendix devoted to this subject. The mixture is slowly stirred to induce particles to clump. The process of coalescence is known as flocculation.
Coagulations and flocculation water treatment suez. Download pdf coagulation and flocculation free online. L 17 coagulation and flocculation linkedin slideshare. The mixture is slowly stirred to induce particles to clump together into flocs. Coagulation and flocculation prepared by husam alnajar the islamic university of gaza environmental engineering department water treatment eenv 4331 colour in water. Suspended particles vary in source, charge, particle size, shape, and density. The theoretical mean hydraulic detention time of the tank will be 1 minute. Coagulation and flocculation in water and wastewater. Sweep flocculation occurs with the addition of iron or aluminum, usually added as ferric sulfate or aluminum sulfate, which can easily dissolve into the water. Coagulationflocculation process for produced water. For the love of physics walter lewin may 16, 2011 duration. Coagulants are the chemicals that are used to removes tiny particles in water. Flocculant dilution effects on flocculation in mineral.
Coagulation and flocculation practices are essential pretreatments for many water purification systems. Such controlled flocculates can be destroyed by low shear forces. Coagulation or flocculation process was conducted for the treatment of industrial wastewater to achieve maximum removal of cod, tp and tss. Coagulation is always considered along with flocculation and is used to remove particles which cannot be removed by sedimentation or filtration alone.
Coagulation water treatment process hard and soft water. Coagulation and flocculation are used to separate the suspended solids portion from the water. The types of devices usually used to furnish the agitation required in both rapid mixing and flocculation may be. Difference between coagulation and flocculation in water treatment. Pdf free download water wastewater calculations manual. What is coagulation and flocculation in water and wastewater treatment. The volume of wastewater used in each run was 200 ml and was kept at this value throughout. This knowledge will provide a basis for understanding the needs of the. The suspended particles vary considerably in source, composition charge, particle size, shape, and density. Coagulationflocculation process for produced water treatment. In conventional coagulation flocculation sedimentation, a coagulant is added to the source water to create an attraction among the suspended particles. Ballasted flocculation can remove more than 85% of total suspended solids tss, 65% bod, 80%90% of phosphorus, and 25%35% of nitrogen on average. Coagulation and flocculation for wastewater treatment represent.
L17 coagulation and flocculation parti environmental engineeringi 2. Coagulationflocculation is used widely during water or wastewater treatment. Modeling and optimization of new flocculant dosage and. Therefore, it was crucial to determine the optimum dosage in order to minimize the dosing cost and obtain the optimum performance in treatment. Coagulation is a water treatment process that causes very small suspended particles to attract to one another and form larger. Therefore, amudaa and amoob 4 investigated the effect of coagulant dose, polyelectrolyte dose, ph of solution and addition of polyelectrolyte as coagulant aid and found to be. Jul 25, 2018 for the love of physics walter lewin may 16, 2011 duration. Their mass allows them to settle to the bottom of a tank and then be removed as sludge. A new way to treat the waste water 105 2sulfoethyl methacrylate is of limited commercial value owing to the hydrolytic instability of the ester linkage. Coagulation, flocculation, and sedimentation basics training.
Start studying coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, and filtration. It is able to achieve good solids removal at a very high surface overflow rate. Coagulation and flocculation processes are used to separate the suspended solids portion from the water. Ballasted flocculation in conjunction with chemical coagulation rapidly enhances solidliquid separation. Free online coagulation and flocculation practice and. Flocculation or floculation is a significant process widely utilized in water treatment operations, including purification of drinking water, sewage water treatment, storm water treatment and treatment of various other industrial wastewater streams. Coagulation flocculation is one of the chemical treatment processes. Correct application of coagulation and flocculation processes and selection of the. Coagulation and flocculation in water and wastewater treatment third edition start download portable document format pdf and ebooks electronic books free online rating news 20162017 is books that can provide inspiration, insight, knowledge to the reader. Coagulation and flocculation for raw water nalco offers a comprehensive suite of organic and inorganic blended coagulants and organic flocculants. Engelhardt application development manager drinking water hach company photo by author the intent of this paper is to provide cursory information about coagulation, flocculation and clarification. Content parti coagulation, types of coagulant, partii dosing, rapid mixing, flocculationdesign parameters.
In softening treatment plants treating hard water to removes flocculated solids. The sedimentation tank comes after the fl l tiflocculation tktank. Click download or read online button to coagulation and flocculation book pdf for free now. Coagulation large particles can easily be removed by settling. The process of consolidation of colloidal particles by neutralizing the charges with a coagulant, so that they can remove from the treated water by sedimentation or filtration is called coagulation.
Flocculant dilution effects on flocculation in mineral processing. This online course provides an introduction to the concepts, chemicals, equipment and processes associated with coagulation, flocculation and sedimentation as practiced in conventional surface water treatment. Key difference coagulation vs flocculation in water. Suspended particles vary in source, charge, particle size, shape. One of the challenges for any water or municipal wastewater treatment plant is being able to remove the vast majority of waste particles from the water, quickly and efficiently. Both these techniques are employed in the treatment of water. Basically, insufficient dosage or overdosing would result in the poor performance in flocculation. Ramavandi, 2014 ramavandi, 2014evaluated the coagulation potential of fcefecl3inducedcrudeextract obtained. Ene 806 project report 2 coagulation and flocculation. Coagulation, flocculation and precipitation youtube.
Coagulation and flocculation in water and wastewater treatment provides a comprehensive account of coagulation and flocculation techniques and technologies in a single volume covering theoretical principles to practical applications. Coagulation and flocculation practices are essential pretreatments for many water purification systems in conventional coagulationflocculationsedimentation, a coagulant is added to the source water to create an attraction among the suspended particles. Flocculation is the slow stirring or gentle agitation to aggregate the destabilized particles and form a rapidsettling floc. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Large numbers of chemical constituents such as alkali, acids, bleaching chemicals, enzymes, starch, dyes, resins, solvents, waxes, oils etc.
Black coagulation is a netlabel for artists who are not afraid to do things outside of the box. Difference between coagulation and flocculation coagulation. The time for flocculation ranges from 15 minutes to an hour or more, depending on the type of flocs generated. Appendix b effect of flocculant on grout setupfree water release. The information in this brochure is provided in good faith. Since each water from different source will have its own material content, people always try to find the optimal dosage of coagulant according to both economic and efficient aspects. Coagulation and flocculation in water and wastewater treatment third edition top results of your surfing coagulation and flocculation in water and wastewater treatment third edition start download portable document format pdf and ebooks electronic books free online rating news 20162017 is books that can provide inspiration, insight. The gentle stirring can be achieved using paddles or baffles to induce a rolling motion in the water, and this continues for some 2045 minutes. This usually takes an hour depending on the size of the medium. This video defines the three treatment processes, gives a stepbystep guide for what to expect. The effect of dosage was analyzed at ph 4, 250 rpm of mixing rate for 10. Flocculants, with their very high molecular weights long monomer chain and their charge content, fix the destabilized particles and aggregates along the polymer chain. Coagulation, flocculation and clarification of drinking water terry l.
Difference between coagulation and flocculation in water. Coagulation flocculation is used widely during water or wastewater treatment. Written by aos treatment solutions on april 3, 2018. Flocculation, in the field of chemistry, is a process in which colloids come out of suspension in. Coagulation, flocculation and clarification of drinking water. This article provides an overview of the processes and looks at the latest thinking. Stokes law, shown below, can be used to estimate the time it takes for a free falling. The experimental work was performed in several runs. It is a vital part for drinking water and wastewater treatment. Coagulation and flocculation are essential processes in various disciplines. The process of agglomeration of the destabilized particles to such a size that separation by sedimentation and filtration is possible.
If lowmolecular weight wetting and dispersing additives contain at least two to three adhesive groups which are kept apart. Flocculation is completed once the floc reaches its optimum strength and size. The design flow for a water treatment plant wtp is 1 mgd 3. After this treatment, the water is passed for sedimentation. Sweep flocculation is the primary mechanism used for drinking water treatment and will be the focus of this lesson. Flocculation brings the deestablished colloidal particles together and they form large aggregates. It is an integral treatment step in the surface or underground waters. Invaluble for water scientists, engineers and students of this field, coagulation and flocculation in water and wastewater treatment is a convenient reference handbook in the form of numerous examples and appended information. Apr 27, 2016 042716 water treatment 33 flocculation flocculation agglomeration of colloids by collisions to form separable flocs examples milk, blood, seawater mechanisms perikinetic, collisions from brownian motion orthokinetic, induced collisions through stirring orthokinetic flocculation velocity gradient, relative movement between colloids in. Coagulation and flocculation are an essential part of drinking water treatment as well as wastewater treatment. Flocculation in rapidmixing, intense mixing or agitation is required to disperse the chemicals uniformly. Coagulation and flocculation is a very necessary step in industries as it lessens turbidity, color, and odor of wastewater. Emerson water is clarified using the processes of coagulation and flocculation, which remove suspended solids turbidity from water by causing the suspended particles to aggregate into a slime, that settles out of the water.
Though often used interchangeably with coagulation, it is in fact a distinct process that. In aeration treatment plant removing iron and manganese from ground water 3. This volume details the thermodynamics and kinetics of the adsorption of surfactants and polymers on solids, as well as coagulation and flocculation mechanisms demonstrating the applicability of the newest theoretical approaches on practical systemswritten by over 15 international experts in the field, coagulation and flocculation. In the flocculation, the fine microfloc begins to agglomerate into larger floc particles. Coagulation and flocculation download coagulation and flocculation ebook pdf or read online books in pdf, epub, and mobi format. Settling rates of unflocculated solids apr 03, 2018 what is coagulation and flocculation in water and wastewater treatment. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Notes and test papers for science, chemistry, surface chemistry, interaction between colloid particles, stabilization of a colloidal dispersion peptization, destabilizing a colloidal dispersion flocculation, technique monitoring colloidal stability.
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